Computer Organization and Architecture

Covers the structure and function of computer systems.

Machine Instructions and Addressing Modes

Covers the fundamental concepts of machine instructions and addressing modes.

Computer Components

Focuses on essential components of a computer system.

Instruction Pipelining

Covers the concept of instruction pipelining and related issues.

Memory Hierarchy

Explores different levels of computer memory.

I/O Interface

Covers input/output mechanisms in computer systems.